2.1.

2.1 These rules, together with the Appendices, are binding at the World Games, the World Orienteering Championships, the World Cup in Orienteering, the Junior World Orienteering Championships, the World Masters Orienteering Championships for W21 and M21 elite classes at Regional Orienteering Championships, Regional Junior Orienteering Championships, Regional Youth Orienteering Championships and for W21 and M21 elite classes at IOF World Ranking Events. Every rules point with no event abbreviation before its number is valid for all these events. A rules point valid only for one or more of these events is marked with the specific abbreviation(s) in the margin beside the rules point number. Such specific rules take precedence over any general rules with which they conflict.

2.2 Where an event is of two types (e.g. the World Championships may also form a part of the World Cup) the rules for the higher-level event (as defined by the order in 1.8-1.14) take precedence.

2.3 These rules are recommended as a basis for national rules.

| 2.4 These rules are valid for orienteering competitions on foot.

2.5 Additional regulations which do not conflict with these rules may be determined by the organiser. They need the approval of the IOF Event Adviser.

2.6 These rules and any additional regulations are binding for all competitors, team officials and other persons connected with the organisation or in contact with the competitors. Any additional regulations must be published in the final event bulletin.

2.7 Sporting fairness must be the guiding principle in the interpretation of these rules by competitors, organisers and the jury.

2.8 The English text of these rules must be taken as decisive in any dispute arising from a translation into any other language.

2.9 In relays the rules for individual competitions are valid, unless otherwise stated.

| 2.10 The IOF Council may decide special rules or norms which must be followed, e.g. IOF Anti-Doping Rules, IOF Transgender Policy, IOF Protocol Guide, International Specification for Orienteering Maps, International Specification for Sprint Orienteering Maps, Principles for Course Planning (Appendix 2), World Ranking Scheme Rules and IOF Control Descriptions.

2.11 The IOF Council may allow deviations from these rules and norms. Requests for permission to deviate from them must be sent to the IOF Office at least 6 months prior to the event.

2.12 The IOF Manuals for each event type must be followed. Significant deviations require the consent of the IOF Event Adviser.

TWG 2.13 The World Games races must follow the rules for the World Orienteering Championships as far as this is possible with respect to IWGA rules and feasible with respect to the different format of the World Games races.

JWOC 2.14 The championships must be organised in accordance with the following principles: • The best junior orienteers of each Federation must be offered competitions of high technical quality.

• The event must have a social, rather than a competitive atmosphere, accentuating exchange of experience.

• The costs of participating must be kept low.

ROC 2.15 The specific rules for Regional Championships are in Appendices 7-13.